Best Linux distributions and 5 options for beginners

If you are starting to research Linux recently, you may have noticed that a lot is said about Linux distributions, also called “distros”.

The truth is that the more the search for the Linux operating system grows, the more distributions appear.

Because it is an open source operating system, many developers use its source to formulate increasingly sophisticated and useful distros for open source users.

Despite this, there are many common questions surrounding the topic: from how to choose a Linux distribution, to what are the best options for beginners in the operating system.

Thinking of helping you solve them, the Linux Certification team developed this complete article, with everything you need to know about Linux distributions and which ones to choose during your journey. Just continue reading. Follow up!

What are Linux Distributions?

Linux distributions, or simply “distros”, are variations of the operating system based on the use of its source code, which is open and therefore allows different solutions to be formulated.

Each of the numerous existing distributions aims to meet the needs of specific audiences, such as:

• programmers and developers;
• home users, who do not have as many demands as agility and specific applications or software;
• and those who demand a high level of information security and privacy in your operations, such as banking and financial systems.

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It is

also worth mentioning that, unlike what many people think, Linux distributions are not all installed in the same way, much less do they have the same graphical interfaces always.

Even the systems and processes for reading files are different, as is the level of compatibility possible. This means that when deciding which distro to use, the user must pay attention to points such as:

• What is their compatibility related to the applications and resources available on the market;
• what are your basic needs and which items cannot be missing to satisfy your daily tasks;
• and what is the technical availability of the device or computer on which you intend to install.

How to choose a Linux distribution?

Photo: Freepik | How to choose a distro?

In addition to the questions above, it is interesting to consider other points before choosing a Linux distribution.

The first criterion is to assess the relationship between stability and system updates. This is the same as paying attention to feedback from regular users and identifying whether the distro usually presents problems periodically, or if it is a stable system.

Not only that, it is necessary to verify that the distro usually offers periodic updates in order to resolve bugs and possible instabilities.

With this in mind, it is enough to assess the compatibility of your hardware with the prerequisites of the chosen Linux distribution, so that everything works properly.

4 excellent Linux distros to discover

There is an endless list of Linux distribution options, but just like in any other area, there are those that stand out and offer the best cost-benefit ratio. They are: Kali, Debian, Fedora, and Arch.

Kali Linux

Offered by Offensive Security, responsible for carrying out security and system infiltration tests and training, the Kali Linux distro is the most appropriate if your company needs to verify the security level of other systems.

“Hacker” applications allow intrusion tests to be carried out with the purpose of preventing future loss of information and improper access by virtual criminals.

Debian

Ideal for users more familiar with the Linux system, the Debian distro is super complete and can play a wide variety of roles – from home use to the function of workstations and databases.

The biggest differential of this distro is the possibility of interesting and increasingly robust updates, which allow previously inaccessible features.

Fedora Linux

The Red Hat distribution is one of those responsible for the success of the Fedora distro, which is continuously updated over 6-month periods.

A major differential of the Fedora distribution is the diversity of applications. There are systems for 3 different spheres:

• domestic use, through Fedora Workstation;
• use on servers, with Fedora Server;
• and cloud services, with Fedora Cloud.
• Learn Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3 and prepare for the exam with the RHCSA Preparatory Course from Linux Certification!

Arch Linux

Finally, another renowned distribution is Arch Linux, which allows full customization by the user, who can choose from applications to available environments. Only then can these details be installed as part of the system.

For those who are just starting out in the universe of Linux distributions, Arch Linux may not be the best option — there are much simpler alternatives, as you can see below.

Best Linux distributions for beginners

Photo: Freepik | The best distros are friendly and intuitive.

In fact, for beginners, there are distributions that meet all needs and still allow learning, without requiring extensive prior knowledge about the subject.

Deepin

Even 11-year-old children can get used to and use the Deepin distro without major difficulties. After all, it has several advantages, such as:

• Simple desktop interface;
• Layout similar to the Android
• App Store very complete and simple to use;
• Control panel simple to use;
• Installation is also simple.

Ubuntu

Although it does not fully satisfy the needs of more experienced and advanced users, Ubuntu is the best option for beginners. Its features and advantages are:

• eliminates the need for prior knowledge;
• adopts GNOME as an interface;
• it is simple;

it requires hardware with memory and runs better on SSD disks;

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• has its Software Store, with many apps that can be installed without difficulty.

Elementary OS

This system is for those who use the MAC or like the Apple system. Did you know that Mac OS is a Unix like? As advantages of this distro, we can mention:

• resemblance to the MAC and little reference to Linux;
• simple application menu;
• presents a very complete App Store;
• it is very light, runs on machines with more humble hardware;
• it is based on Ubuntu, but only on the essentials.

Mint

Mint is a very lightweight distribution that runs on old hardware without problems – it even works on the Pentium II computer, which are super old. For those who only use Google Calendar, for example, it’s a great option.

Its interface called Cinnamon is perfectly familiar to almost everyone who uses it. The main advantages are:

• presents a taskbar, start button, system tray and desktop icons, similar to Windows;
• interface that requires a zero learning curve for those coming from Windows 7;
• is based on Ubuntu;

openSUSE

openSUSE is a fantastic distribution based on Red Hat. One of the biggest advantages of using it is the possibility of running almost all of these DEs on the same operating system.

You can choose any IDE you want from the login screen. They live up to the Chameleon symbol. Long before apt-get and yum existed, openSUSE already had its package manager, Yast. The advantages are:

• works with any interface the user wishes; it
• has its App Store, with many software;
• faithful to the Linux standard;
• based on Red Hat and uses RPM packages;

All of this information is just the “tip of the iceberg” of the Linux universe and its distributions. To learn more, it’s worth enrolling in our course!

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Conclusion

Have you noticed how Linux distributions meet the most diverse user demands? All of them can be found easily – just choose the one that makes the most sense for your daily life.

Getting deeper and more detailed information about Linux isn’t always easy. For this reason, we developed an online course platform, with various levels of learning and specific topics, which you can consult and sign up if you wish!

Uirá Endy Ribeiro

Uirá Endy Ribeiro is a Software Developer and Cloud Computing Architect with a 23-year career. He has master's degrees in computer science and fifteen IT certifications and is the author of 11 books recognized in the IT world market. He is also Director at Universidade Salgado de Oliveira and Director of the Linux Professional Institute - LPI Director's Board.